The main purpose of this study is to analyze the screw thread machining process for micro-type circular rods of SUS304 stainless steel. During the analysis, micro-type circular rods with various outer diameters (1.9, 1.94, and 2 mm), pitches (0.25 mm and 0.4 mm), and friction factors (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7) are fabricated. Owing to the micro scale of the thread, the scale factor of the material should be corrected, and finite element analysis is conducted to determine the effect of the pitch and friction factor on the screw threads of the micro-type circular rods during the machining process. The finite element analysis uses a full integration rule to couple the shape function, which is inferred from the 3D tetrahedral element with four corner nodes used in the stiffness matrix. Then, we simulate the comprehensive forming history and determine the stress/strain distribution and thread shape distribution relating to the thread machining process for the micro-type circular rod. A micro-type circular rod screw thread machining die is also designed to carry out an experiment on micro-type thread machining for SUS304 micro-type circular rods. The result is compared with the simulation result to verify the reliability of the analysis method. The difference between the uncorrected material parameters and the corrected microscale dimensions is also analyzed. The corrected material parameters indicate that the maximum principal stress sensed in the experiments increases with the pitch. During the micro-type circular rod screw thread machining process, the torque, stress, and strain increase with the increase in the friction factor.